Changing Residential Land Use Regulations to Address High Housing Prices

Problem, research strategy, and findings: In the past 3 decades, a series of presidential administrations—and the APA—have recommended that cities update their zoning codes to enable more affordable and market-rate housing development. I identify 5 main categories of policy recommendations they have suggested and then assess Los Angeles’s (CA) zoning changes in these categories between 2000 and 2016. I answer 2 questions: First, what zoning changes did Los Angeles adopt to address housing affordability? Second, how were these changes initiated, and what were their scope and geographic extent? I find that Los Angeles made modest progress in the 5 policy categories. The city left its large-lot, single-family zoning mostly untouched, but it rezoned roughly 1,200 acres citywide to allow at least 50 housing units per acre, reduced parking requirements in some areas, made it easier to build accessory dwelling units, and adopted new incentives for affordable housing. Several policy changes resulted from new state laws, and Los Angeles voters approved new incentives for affordable housing near transit. Homeowner influence likely prevented the municipality from engaging in larger zoning reforms. I do not study the effects of Los Angeles’s regulatory changes on housing production and prices, but such research is an important next step. I also do not assess new regulations that counteracted the impact of the 5 categories of policy recommendations.

Takeaway for practice: This research suggests 2 lessons: 1) Planners should encourage state governments to preempt local zoning when it reduces affordable housing options and there is limited local political will for change, and 2) planners should identify feasible and effective zoning changes that would increase affordable housing given local considerations.     

GIS在城市公共停车资源调查与规划中的应用

随着城市的蓬勃发展,停车难问题已经严重制约百姓的出行,通过公共停车资源的调查与规划来缓解城市停车难成为市政府一项基础工作。传统的调查与规划是采用纸质地图现场人工量取的方式进行,对于成果的统计分析以及应用非常繁琐,而本文以太原市公共停车资源调查与规划为例,从数据管理、数据质检、查询统计、输出打印等方面阐述了GIS在该项目中的应用。为GIS在公共停车资调查与规划工作的应用提供了有效参考。     

关于消防疏散电气设计中的几个问题的探讨

本文通过对现行的《火灾自动报警系统设计规范》与其他系列消防设计防火规范中几个条文在实际工程设计应用的的研究和分析,对几个消防疏散电气设计中几个的问题的适用性、必要性、可操作性进行了探讨,提出了解决的看法和进一步探讨研究的思路。     

A hybrid genetic algorithm for flowshop lot streaming with setups and variable sublots

Lot streaming is the process of splitting a given lot or job to allow the overlapping of successive operations in flowshops or multi-stage manufacturing systems to reduce manufacturing lead time. Recent literature shows that significant lead time improvement is possible if variable sublots, instead of equal or consistent sublots, are used when production setup time is considered. However, lot streaming problems with variable sublots are difficult to solve to optimality using off-shelf optimisation packages even for problems of small and experimental sizes. Thus, efficient solution procedures are needed for solving such problems for practical applications. In this paper, we develop a mathematical programming model and a hybrid genetic algorithm for solving n-job m-machine lot streaming problems with variable sublots considering setup times. The preliminary computational results are encouraging.     

重新定位停车政策:优化出行的重要工具

不当的停车政策会加重城市交通问题,而好的停车政策则可为解决城市诸多问题提供工具措施。在快速城镇化、快速机动化和城市高密度背景下,中国现行满足停车需求的供给导向政策偏重服务于小汽车出行,停车收费亦面临着相互冲突的政策目标和管理困境,其结果是停车难问题日益严重的同时还影响了其他绿色交通方式的发展。当前亟需重新审视停车在城市交通中的重要性并对其政策目标的定位做出调整,使之从满足停车需求转变为优化出行结构和提升城市综合品质的有效工具。     

A time-varying lot sizes approach for the economic lot scheduling problem with returns

We consider the economic lot scheduling problem with returns by assuming that each item is returned by a constant rate of demand. The goal is to find production frequencies, production sequences, production times, as well as idle times for several items subject to returns at a single facility. We propose a heu ristic algorithm based on a time-varying (TV) lot sizes approach. The problem is decomposed into two distinct portions: in the first, we find a combinatorial part (production frequencies and sequences) and in the second, we determine a continuous part (production and idle times) in a specific production sequence. We report computational results that show that, in many cases, the proposed TV lot sizes approach with consideration of returns yields a relatively minor error.     

基于车载CAN总线的倒车雷达单元设计

倒车雷达在汽车中得到广泛应用,但没有与车载CAN总线网络相联系,造成其功能不完善。用PIC18F258单片机设计一个倒车雷达单元,使倒车雷达能够被车载网络识别,实现与CAN总线的数据通信与资源共享,完成倒车雷达的自动刹车功能。     

某大型地下车库建筑设计优化分析

文中结合某大型地下停车库的建筑方案优化过程,针对该车库的范围划定、出入口的分布、停车方式、建筑柱网的确定、最小层高的确定等方面进行分析,在满足合理性、兼顾舒适性的前提下,对其进行了深入的优化,系统的论述了优化过程,对提高地下车库的经济性进行了深入探讨,为类似项目的设计及开发提供了可借鉴的优化途径和方法。     

EST-2D停车制动系统的应用分析

本文通过对停车制动系统的原理论述,分析了EST-2D停车制动系统的起动保护、电缆过卷保护、系统保护等应用,有助于掌握设备特性,从而可通过独特操作和正确维护保养进行高效作业。     

基于UG的台车转向机构的运动仿真

针对地下停车库路况复杂,视线不好,导致驾驶人员驾驶困难,且车位难找,停车难度大,花费时间长等问题,设计了自动泊车台车。为确保所设计的台车在转向过程中满足平顺性的要求,应用UG软件对转向机构齿轮传动系统进行分析。首先,应用UG/Modeling模块建立自动泊车台车整体及齿轮减速器的三维模型;然后,应用UG/Motion模块建立齿轮传动机构的动态模型进行运动仿真分析,得到了位移、速度、加速度等参数的响应曲线。仿真结果表明,系统响应及时,平顺性满足要求,为后续整车试验以及相关运动机构的运动仿真提供一定的参考价值。